Common Poisons
A Guide to Some Common Poisons for Dogs(I have actually seen the last one on this list after a puppy ate a tube of diaper rash ointment. Some of these seem a little far fetched, but are all very possible.)
There are hundreds of items your pet can get access to. Some things are highly toxic and others are non-toxic. This article is a guide to help you determine if a particular item is a problem.
If you think your pet may have been exposed to a toxin, the first thing to do is check the label of the item potentially ingested. Read the information about toxicity. The information regarding children is relevant to pets, and some manufacturers even discuss pet toxicity. If there is a number on the package, call it. It is also recommended that you call your veterinarian to confirm recommendations given by the manufacturer. If you visit your vet, take all packaging and any information you have on the product with you.
For most poisonings, there is not much you can do at home. Consult your veterinarian or emergency facility if you suspect your pet has been poisoned. For some ingested poisons, your vet may induce vomiting of a toxic substance. Induced vomiting should never be done unless specifically directed by your vet. For topical exposures, bathing in lukewarm water with mild dish soap can reduce further toxin absorption before the pet is examined and treated by your vet.
Never give any medication, prescription or over-the-counter, without approval from your veterinarian. There are several medications available for people that can help animals, but you must be careful to give the correct medicine at the proper dose. Some common medications that can have serious effects on animals if not used correctly include pseudoephedrine, aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, loperamide, diphenhydramine and loratidine. If your pet has ingested an unprescribed medication, contact your veterinarian or local veterinary emergency facility. Give the name of the medication, how many and what dose your pet received, what time the ingestion could have occurred, as well as pet information such as breed, age and any health problems he/she may have. You may receive instructions for what to do at home or what to watch for. In some situations, emergency examination and treatment are crucial.
Non-toxic items commonly eaten by dogsChewing on things is a normal part of puppyhood, so before you rush your pooch to the vet, the only real concern is the potential for obstruction if the object becomes lodged in the stomach or intestines. You can also expect some vomiting and diarrhea from eating a non food item.
SOME TOXIC ITEMSAmitraz----Amitraz is an insecticide used in some brands of dog tick collars and topical solutions. Toxicity most often affects curious puppies who ingest the toxin but can occur from wearing the collar or after treatment for demodectic mange. Typical symptoms occur within 2 to 6 hours, and often begin with the pet becoming weak and lethargic. Vomiting, diarrhea and disorientation are also common. Without treatment, coma may result. In severe cases, toxicity may result in death. CALL and see your veterinarian for treatment as soon as possible.
Amphetamines---Amphetamines are human medications that are commonly used as appetite suppressants, mood elevators or for the treatment of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders. They must be prescribed by a physician, but because they are popular as appetite suppressants and mood elevators, they are often purchased illegally. Amphetamines are nervous systems stimulants that affect the brain. After ingestion, toxic signs begin with 1 to 2 hours. Common signs are restlessness, hyperactivity, agitation, tremors, and seizures. Prompt veterinary care is crucial and will give your pet a better chance of survival and full recovery. If left untreated, amphetamine toxicity can be fatal.
Ant Traps
If an ant trap is ingested, the only real concern is the potential for obstruction if the object or container becomes lodged in the stomach or intestines. Most ant and roach traps are made from either sticky paper and chlorpyrifos, which has low levels of toxicity in mammals but is highly toxic to insects. You can expect some vomiting and possibly diarrhea from ingesting a non-food item.
Antifreeze
Ethylene glycol toxicosis is a type of poisoning that occurs after ingestion of antifreeze or other fluids containing the ingredient ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol is not toxic itself, but it is metabolized in the animal's body to several extremely toxic chemicals that are responsible for it's potentially lethal effects. Ethylene glycol poisoning results in nervous system abnormalities and severe kidney failure with almost complete cessation of urine output. Ethylene glycol poisoning can be fatal if not treated soon after ingestion, usually within 4 to 8 hours. The minimum lethal dose for dogs averages five milliliters per kilogram of body weight. Thus, a little more than three tablespoons (45 ml) could be lethal for a 22 pound (10 kg) dog. Definitive treatment should be started as soon as possible after consumption of ethylene glycol. If treated promptly and appropriately, pets that have consumed ethylene glycol will not develop kidney failure and have a good chance of survival. Signs to watch for include: nausea, vomiting, increased thirst, lethargy and incoordination progressing to coma. Pets may act as if they are intoxicated. These signs develop within 30 minutes to 12 hours after ingestion of ethylene glycol, depending on the amount ingested.
Aspirin
Aspirin toxicity (salicylate toxicity) is poisoning that occurs following the ingestion of aspirin or products that contain aspirin. Cats and young animals are more susceptible to the effects of aspirin than are dogs because they are unable to metabolize the drug as quickly. Aspirin interferes with platelets, which are responsible for the helping the blood to clot. Disruption of platelet function increases the amount of time it takes the blood to clot after being cut. Spontaneous bleeding may also occur, causing pinpoint bruises to appear in the skin and on the gums (petechiae). Aspirin toxicity may cause gastrointestinal problems, respiratory difficulties, neurological problems, bleeding disorders and kidney failure. Gastrointestinal problems are common in dogs whereas central nervous system depression is most common in cats.
Arsenic
Although a common problem in the days of Agatha Christie, arsenic is somewhat difficult to obtain and animal poisonings are rare. Usually, poisoning is due to the ingestion of very old insect traps. Since 1989, the use of arsenic in insect traps has greatly diminished, but there are still some out there. The lethal dose is 1 to 25 mg per kilogram of weight, and signs of poisoning include nausea, severe vomiting, and diarrhea. If caught early, most pets are treated and recover. If treatment is delayed, and the signs of illness are severe, pets usually do not survive. If your pet has ingested an insect trap, make sure the check the label to see if arsenic is present and call your veterinarian.
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless gas that when absorbed into the bloodstream forms a compound that causes hypoxia (reduced oxygen supply) to all organs, most especially the heart and brain. Pets can be exposed by automotive exhaust in a closed garage, faulty exhaust systems, non-vented furnaces, gas water heaters, gas/kerosene space heaters and/or smoke inhalation from a fire. Some pets are predisposed to toxicity due to pre-existing heart or lung disease. Symptoms of toxicity include drowsiness, lethargy, weakness, incoordination, bright red color to the skin and gums, difficulty breathing, coma and/or abrupt death. Occasionally, chronic (low grade, long term) exposure may cause exercise intolerance, changes in gait (walking), and disturbances of normal reflexes. Be aware that if the source of poisoning still exists, both you and your dog are at risk. Signs may show in your pet first due to it's smaller size than most humans. If you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning in your pet, get yourself and your pet to another location with fresh, circulating air and contact appropriate emergency medical care IMMEDIATELY.
Bathroom Cleaners, Bleach, Lysol and Other Corrosives
Household cleaners can cause very serious "chemical burns". Most often, these chemicals are ingested or licked, causing a caustic or corrosive burn that usually affects the tongue and upper esophagus. If chemical ingestion is witnessed, immediately flush the mouth with large amounts of water. This can help reduce the amount of chemical in the mouth and may reduce the damage. Chemical oral burns may not show up immediately. Call your veterinarian for additional treatment recommendations. Commons signs include lack of appetite, drooling, pawing at the mouth and excessive swallowing.
Carbamate Insecticides
Carbamates are a type of insecticide used to treat insects on our crops and soils, prevent and treat flea infestations, and are used in ant and roach baits. The majority of toxicities related to this chemical are due to improper use of the chemical, especially when many different types of insecticides are used at the same time. The dog formula should never be used on cats. Carbamates affect the nerve-muscle function. Without a normal nerve impulse through the muscle, the function of the muscle is impaired. Since muscle tissue is present in the intestinal tract as well as heart and skeleton, various signs may be seen if a pet is exposed to toxic levels of this insecticide. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, difficulty breathing, muscle tremors, twitching, weakness and paralysis. Prompt veterinary care is required to survive a toxic exposure.
Chocolate
Chocolate, in addition to having a high fat content, contains caffeine and theobromine. These two compounds are nervous system stimulants and can be toxic to your dog in high amounts. The levels of caffeine and theobromine vary between different types of chocolate. For example, white chocolate has the lowest concentration of stimulants, while baking chocolate and cacao beans have the highest concentration. Depending on the type of chocolate ingested and the amount eaten, various problems can occur. The high fat content in chocolate may result in vomiting and possibly diarrhea. Once toxic levels are ingested, the stimulant effect becomes apparent. You may notice restlessness, hyperactivity, muscle twitching, increased urination and possibly excessive panting. Heart rate and blood pressure levels may also be increased. Seizure activity may occur in severe cases.
Cocaine
Cocaine is rapidly absorbed from the stomach, nasal passages and lungs. Following exposure, the cocaine usually leaves the system within 4 to 6 hours. The lethal dose of cocaine in dogs is 25 mg per pound of body weight. Pets exposed to cocaine show signs of intermittent hyperactivity followed by profound lethargy. Some may develop seizures. Treatment is aimed at supporting the body systems. Inducing vomiting is not helpful since cocaine is so rapidly absorbed. Hospitalization with intravenous fluids and sedatives are typical treatments. Depending on the severity of illness, amount ingested and time lapsed before treatment, some pets exposed to cocaine do not survive.
Detergents and Soaps
Most soaps and detergents are generally non-toxic. You can expect some vomiting and diarrhea from eating a non-food item. Read the container for additional information. If ingestion is witnessed, you may flush the mouth with large amounts of water.
Ecstasy
Ecstasy, also known by various street names such as XTC, Adam and MDA, is chemically related to other amphetamines, which stimulate the central nervous sytem. After ingestion, signs of toxicity generally develop within 1 to 2 hours and last longer in pets than in humans due to the animal's inability to metabolize the drug. Symptoms include hyperactivity, restlessness, drooling, tremors, staggering, seizures, and if no treatment if given, coma and death.
Estrogen Toxicity
Estrogen toxicity is a condition in which a group of estrogen compounds (female hormones), either produced in excess within the body or administered or ingested from the outside, become poisonous to the body. Estrogen toxicity is seen most commonly in reproductive age females and older. Symptoms include lethargy, pale gums, bleeding, fever, thin hair/coat, and feminization (female sex characteristics) in males.
Ethanol
Ethanol is an alcohol that is used commonly as a solvent (liquid that dissolves) in medications and is the major ingredient of alcoholic beverages. Common causes of toxicity include direct access to alcoholic beverages or spilled medication, ingestion of fermented products (including bread), intentional or malicious administration by human beings and/or dermal (skin) exposure to these products. Toxicity can cause a wide variety of signs and may lead to death. Signs include odor of alcohol on the animal's breath or stomach contents, incoordination, staggering, behavioral change, excitement or depression, excessive urination and/or urinary incontinence, slow respiratory rate, cardiac arrest and death. If you suspect your pet has ingested a form of ethanol, please call your veterinarian for additional instructions.
Fuel
Gasoline is not a commonly ingested toxin, most likely due to it's odor. If ingested, unleaded gasoline irritates the gastrointestinal tract and may cause vomiting. Some pets may inhale stomach contents as they vomit, resulting in aspiration pneumonia. To develop signs of toxicity, the amount of gasoline that needs to be ingested is around 20 ml per kg of weight. For a 20 pound dog, that is about 1/2 cup. Diesel fuel and jet fuel may also cause gastrointestinal upset but have less toxicity than unleaded gasoline.
Grapes and RaisinsIn the past few years, reports have begun to surface that ingesting large amount of grapes or raisins can be toxic to dogs. In some reported cases, the amount of grapes or raisins ingested has been between 9 ounces and 2 pounds, and dogs ingesting these large amounts have developed kidney failure. Any dog that ingests a large amount of grapes or raisins at one time should be treated aggressively, so contact your veterinarian immediately if ingestion has occurred. Eating a few here and there has not been proven to be toxic.
Herbal Medications/Essential Oils
While most plants used have beneficial properties, it is important to remember that the strength of the plant's active ingredient will vary with the variety of herb and the horticultural practices used to grow them. Herbs can be sprayed with pesticides, fungicides or fertilizers. They may have been fertilized with improperly prepared compost, which can harbor harmful bacteria. They may produce more than one active compound causing unwanted side effects, which may worsen some medical conditions. There are no standards for quality control in production and dosages of herbs. Onion, garlic, pennyroyal and ginseng are a few of the commonly used herbal preparations that can cause toxicities if used inappropriately. Many have vomiting and diarrhea as a side effect. Even if your pet is taking an herbal supplement without complication, make sure your veterinarian knows what you are giving. Some herbs interfere with other health concerns and medications. Essential oils have become very popular in the past few years. Be aware that essential oils can have the same toxic effects and interactions with medications and health conditions in your pet as herbal supplements, whether inhaled from a diffuser, applied to the skin or ingested.
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is a popular and effective over-the-counter medication available to treat pain and inflammation in people. For dogs, ibuprofen can easily exceed toxic levels. The most common cause of ibuprofen toxicity is a well-meaning owner who tries to alleviate pain in his dog by administering a dose the thinks is adequate without knowing the toxic dose. The initial toxic effect is bleeding stomach ulcers. In addition to ulcers, increasing doses of ibuprofen eventually lead to kidney failure and can be fatal if left untreated. Symptoms include poor appetite black, tarry stools vomiting blood abdominal pain weakness lethargy.
Inhaled Toxins
Carbon monoxide poisoning is addressed earlier and in more detail in this list. It is typically associated with confinement in a running vehicle or garage with a running vehicle but can also occur in a home with improper ventilation and faulty furnaces. If you suspect that your pet has been exposed to carbon monoxide, remove him from the scene and place him in an area with fresh air. Contact your veterinarian or local emergency facility for further instructions. Smoke inhalation is another cause of inhaled toxin/carbon monoxide poisoning. As addressed previously, some diffused essential oils can also be toxic to your pet.
Iron
Iron is a chemical element that is important in red blood cell production in the body. It is found in a variety of supplements and vitamins. Iron toxicity typically occurs after accidental ingestion of the supplements or from overdose of supplements. Iron comes in a variety of forms that may cause toxicity: ferrous fumarate, ferrous sulfate, ferric phosphate and ferrous carbonate. Toxic levels of iron cause damage to the stomach and intestinal lining as well as cause severe liver and heart damage. The first signs generally occur within 6 hours of eating a toxic amount. Even without treatment, your dog may appear to have improved after the initial gastrointestinal upset. Unfortunately, spontaneous recovery has not really occurred and about 24 hours later, diarrhea returns, along with liver failure, shock and possible coma. Bleeding disorders can also occur. See your veterinarian immediately if you suspect iron toxicity.
Ivermectin
Ivermectin is an anti-parasite drug that causes neurologic damage to the parasite, resulting in paralysis and death. Ivermectin has been used to prevent parasitic infections, such as heartworms and ear mites. Causes of ivermectin toxicity include administration of excessive doses and breed sensitivity to lower doses (which occurs in some breeds such as the collie or Australian shepherd). Toxicity can result in any number or combination of clinical signs including dilated pupils, depression, drooling, vomiting, tremors, disorientation, weakness, recumbency (inability to rise), blindness, unresponsiveness, slow heart rate, slow respiratory rate, coma or death.
Lead
Lead toxicity refers to poisoning due to ingestion or inhalation of products containing the element lead. Pets may be exposed to lead from several different sources. Lead toxicity can cause anemia (low red blood cell count), gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, and seizures or other nervous system problems. Lead crosses the placenta from pregnant mother to babies and is also excreted in her milk. Thus, the developing fetus and nursing young can be affected. See your vet if you suspect lead exposure.
Marijuana
The primary active ingredient in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. It takes about 1.5 grams of marijuana per pound of body weight to be fatal. Therefore, death from ingested marijuana is not common. However, pets ingesting marijuana become incoordinated and begin stumbling. Most become quite lethargic. Some may experience hallucinations. The danger with marijuana is that vomiting is common, and if the pet is profoundly lethargic and begins vomiting, aspiration of vomitus into the lungs can lead to severe breathing problems, choking, pneumonia and death. Treatment of marijuana exposure usually involves the induction of vomiting to remove any residual THC, and, depending on the severity of the signs, some pets require hospitalization with intravenous fluids. The vast majority of pets exposed to marijuana fully recover within 24 hours. Be aware that your pet is just as affected by marijuana smoke as humans and can easily experience a contact high, resulting in many of the same effects as ingestion. Exposure, especially repeated exposure, to marijuana smoke is not recommended for your pet.
Metaldehyde
Metaldehyde poisoning results from the ingestion of products containing the active ingredient metaldehyde. This is a common ingredient used in molluscicides, which are products used to kill snails and slugs. Metaldehyde toxicity causes rapid onset of neurological symptoms that begin 1 to 4 hours after exposure. Repeated seizures can cause a very high body temperature, which can lead to complications that are fatal. Affected pets usually require hospitalization for 24 to 72 hours after metaldehyde ingestion.
Metronidazole
Metronidazole is a commonly used and very effective antibiotic. Unfortunately, as with all drugs, toxicity and adverse effects can occur. However, toxicity from metronidazole is uncommon and is generally associated with prolonged use (many weeks) or high doses of the drug. Animals with underlying liver disease are more prone to metronidazole toxicity. Toxic levels of metronidazole affect the brain and equilibrium. Symptoms include not eating, vomiting, staggering or difficulty walking, involuntary and constant eye movements (nystagmus), lethargy, and seizures. There is no home care for metronidazole toxicity. If you suspect that metronidazole is responsible for illness in your pet, consult your veterinarian.
Mushrooms
Mushroom poisoning occurs as a result of ingesting toxic mushrooms. Not all mushrooms are poisonous, but each type of poisonous mushroom can cause different signs of illness. Poisonous mushrooms are classified into four main categories, based on the clinical signs they cause, or into seven categories, based on the toxins they contain. The onset of clinical signs may occur anywhere from minutes to hours following ingestion. Signs may include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lethargy, jaundice (yellow skin color), seizures, coma and/or excess salivation. There is no adequate home care for poisonous mushroom ingestion. If you suspect that your dog has eaten a dangerous mushroom, contact your veterinarian immediately.
Mycotoxins
Mycotoxins are toxic substances secreted by molds and are commonly ingested when dogs raid the trash. Ingestion of certain moldy foods can result in signs of illness, primary whole body tremors. If left untreated, the tremors worsen and can progress to seizures. The dog's body temperature increases and heat-related complications can occur. The most commonly implicated moldy foods are dairy products and pasta, but any mold may develop the specific toxins. Dogs that do not receive treatment may not survive.
Naproxen
Naproxen is a popular and effective over-the-counter medication available to treat pain and inflammation in people. For dogs, naproxen can easily exceed toxic levels. The most common cause of naproxen toxicity is a well-meaning owner who tries to alleviate pain in his dog by giving the medication without knowing the toxic dose. The initial toxic effect is bleeding stomach ulcers. In addition to ulcers, increasing doses of naproxen eventually lead to kidney failure and can be fatal if left untreated.
Nicotine
Nicotine is found in a variety of sources, primarily cigarettes, cigars, tobacco, nicotine gum and nicotine patches. Vaping systems and juice have also become a concentrated source of nicotine. The toxic level of nicotine in dogs is 5 mg of nicotine per pound of body weight. For example, one cigarette contains 15 to 25 mg of nicotine, and nicotine patches contain 8 to 114 mg of nicotine. Vape juices contain even more highly concentrated levels of nicotine. A 10 pound dog would only need to eat 2 to 4 cigarettes in order to show toxic signs. You should note that even after smoking, tobacco retains a significant amount of nicotine residue. Signs of nicotine toxicity generally develop soon after ingestion and include vomiting, drooling, excitement, tremors, low heart rate or seizures. When large amounts are consumed, the effects can be life threatening, but even small amounts can induce symptoms. Without treatment, nicotine toxicity can cause paralysis of the breathing muscles, and your dog may die from an inability to breathe, sometimes within a few hours. If your pet has ingested nicotine, call your veterinarian.
Onions
Onion toxicity can be caused from raw onions, cooked onions, onion powders or flavorings. Canines lack the enzyme necessary to digest onions properly, and this can result in gas, diarrhea, bloating or severe gastrointestinal distress. If large amounts of onion are ingested or onions are a daily part of your dog's diet, the red blood cells may become fragile and break apart. Severe anemias and even death can occur if the dog ingests lots of onions and receive no treatment.
Organophosphate insecticides
An organophosphate is a type of insecticide used to treat insects on our crops and soils, prevent and treat flea infestations, and are used in ant and roach baits. The majority of toxicities related to this chemical are due to improper use of the chemical, especially when many different types of insecticides are used at the same time. The canine formula should never be used in cats. Overdosing has also resulted in toxicity. Organophosphates affect the nerve-muscle function. Without a normal nerve impulse through the muscle, the function of the muscle is impaired. Since muscle tissue is present in the intestinal tract, as well as the heart and skeleton, various signs may be seen if a pet is exposed to toxic levels of this insecticide. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, difficulty breathing, muscle tremors, twitching, weakness and paralysis. Prompt veterinary care is required to survive a toxic exposure.
Potpourri
Curious dogs often find simmering potpourri pots irresistible. Not only are burns a potential problem, but the potpourri itself is caustic. Ingesting or even licking the potpourri can result in chemical burns to the tongue, throat and esophagus. Severely burned pets may require hospitalization with feeding tubes until the wounds heal.
Pyrethrin and Permethrin Insecticides
The most common types of insecticide used to kill fleas are pyrethrins. Toxicity related to pyrethrins is usually associated with applying much more of the produce than directed, or application to a pet younger than the recommended age for the product. Permethrin is a stronger synthetic insecticide that has a much greater potential for resulting in toxicity. Permethrin based topical flea products are usually labeled "for use in dogs only". Application of permethrin based insecticide to a call will usually result in toxic signs within 6 hours. Overdosing can cause toxic signs in both dogs and cats. Signs include drooling, lethargy, muscle tremors, vomiting and seizures. If you suspect your pet may have permethrin/pyrethrin toxicity, the most important part of home care is to bathe your pet in lukewarm water using mild dish soap. Do not use flea shampoo. Avoid hot water since that will dilate blood vessels in the skin and increase the absorption of the flea product. Once the pet is bathed, contact your veterinarian or local veterinary emergency facility immediately.
Plants: (Toxicity of Common Plants)House plants are popular additions to many rooms. Most homes have landscaping that includes plants, and gardening is a favored activity. Usually, plants and pets live together harmoniously, although some curious pets often venture to take a little taste. See the information below to find out about the 20 most popular plants and their levels of toxicity.
Plants: Fall and Winter Flowers and plants add beauty to any holiday, and they make great holiday gifts. But if your family includes pets, you may want to learn which plants are safe and which ones you need to avoid. Here is a list of plants to avoid. Remember that ingesting bulb plants often cause the most severe illnesses.
Holly (Ilex sp.) This plant, commonly found around Christmas, can cause intense vomiting and diarrhea. Mental depression can also occur.
Amaryllis (Amaryllis spp). Ingestion can result in vomiting, diarrhea, depression, lack of appetite, tremors, drooling and abdominal pain.
Mistletoe (Phoradendron spp). Another Christmas plant, mistletoe can also cause significant vomiting and diarrhea. In addition, this plant has been associated with difficulty breathing, slowed heart rate, collapse and, if a lot is ingested, death has occurred. Some animals may even show erratic behavior and possible hallucinations.
Poinsettia (Euphorbia). This plant can cause irritation to the mouth and stomach, and may sometimes cause vomiting. It has a low level of toxicity and is overrated as a toxic plant.
Christmas cactus, Thanksgiving cactus, Easter cactus (Schlumbergera or Zygocactus). In dogs, if large quantities of this plant are ingested, vomiting, possibly with blood, diarrhea, possibly with blood and mental depression have been reported. With small ingestions, typically there are no signs of toxicity. These plants are considered low toxicity plants.
Some less common toxic winter holiday plants include: American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens). Ingestion results in weakness, vomiting and seizures. European bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara). Ingestion results in drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, depression, lack of appetite, weakness, confusion and low heart rate. Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Ingestion results in vomiting, diarrhea, depression, drooling and lack of appetite.Christmas rose (Helleborus niger). Ingestion results in abdominal pain, vomiting, blood diarrhea and delirium. Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicuni). Ingestion results in vomiting, diarrhea, mouth ulcers, seizures, mental depression, respiratory depression, shock and death. Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Ingestion of the bulbs results in mouth irritation, bloody vomiting, diarrhea, shock, kidney failure, liver damage and bone marrow suppression. Christmas palm (Veitchia merrillii). This is plant is considered non-toxic. Christmas orchid (Cattleya trianaei). This plant is considered non-toxic. Christmas dagger fern (Polystichym spp). This plant is considered non-toxic. Mistletoes cactus (Thipsalis cassutha). This plant is considered non-toxic. Burning bush (Euronymous alatus). Ingestion can result in vomiting, diarrhea, depression and lack of appetite. Spring and Summer PlantsSpringtime holidays are often associated with bulb plants, and ingestion of the bulbs can cause the most severe illnesses.
Tulip (Tulip spp).
Ingestion can result in intense vomiting, depression, diarrhea, drooling and lack of appetite.
Hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis).
Ingestion can result in intense vomiting, diarrhea, depression and tremors.
Daffodil (Narcissus spp).
Ingestion can result in severe gastrointestinal illness, convulsions, seizures, low blood pressure and tremors.
Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum spp).
Ingestion can result in ulcers in the mouth, vomiting and diarrhea.
Easter cactus (Schlumbergera bridgesi).
Ingestion can result in vomiting, diarrhea and depression. Cats can also develop staggering.
These plants are considered non-toxic:
Easter daisy (Townsendia sericea)
Easter orchid (Cattleya mossiae)
Easter lily cactus (Echinopsis multiplex)
Resurrection lily (Kaempferia pulchra)
Crown of Thorns (Euphorbia splendens prostrata). Ingestion results in vomiting and diarrhea.
Poison Ivy and Oak
The principal toxin in poison oak and poison ivy is urushiol, which is an oil resin found in the plant sap. Animals are quite resistant to the effects of urushiol but can transmit the toxin to a person. Dogs and cats typically come in contact with the poison ivy or poison oak plant in wooded areas. They may ingest some of the plant but, more likely, they will rub against it while walking. The sap from the plant can adhere to the hair coat. When you pet your dog or cat later, the sap can transfer from their fur to your skin. If you are susceptible to poison oak or poison ivy, skin irritation can occur. In animals, exposure to urushiol infrequently results in skin irritation.
Rat Poison
Rodenticide poisoning is the accidental ingestion of products used to kill rodents such as mice, rats and gophers. These products are common and accidental exposure is frequent. Poisoning is most commonly caused by ingestion of a product containing one of the following ingredients: bromethalin, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), strychnine, zinc phosphide and anticoagulants (such as warfarin, fumarin, chlorophacinone, diphacinone, pindone, bromadiolone, brodaficoum). The impact on the poisoned animal varies depending on the type of poison ingested. An animal may develop a bleeding disorder, neurological problems, gastrointestinal distress or kidney failure. In some cases, rodenticide poisoning is fatal. If you suspect that your pet has ingested rat poison, call your veterinarian immediately.
Rimadyl
Rimadyl toxicity describes the symptoms of poisoning associated with the administration of carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication used for the treatment of arthritis. This drug supresses inflammation and pain by inhibiting synthesis of the class of compounds called prostaglandins. Carprofen toxicity can cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys. If accidental ingestion has occurred, remove any remaining pills from the pet's environment. Take your pet to a veterinarian as soon as possible for treatment of an overdose of carprofen. If you have been administering carprofen and note vomiting, black and tarry stools, pale or yellow gums or loss of appetite, stop administering carprofen and take your pet to a vet as soon as possible.
Smoke Inhalation
Smoke can create significant damage within the airways. Pets, as well as people, can quickly succumb to the effects of smoke inhalation. If your pet is exposed to smoke, remove him immediately from the area and provide him with access to fresh air. If oxygen is available, offer by face mask. Contact your veterinarian or local emergency facility immediately. Your pet will require additional medical treatment for a successful outcome.
Strychnine
Strychnine is a toxin derived from the seeds of Strychnos nux vomica and S. ignatii and is used to control rats, moles and other predators. However, when ingested by dogs, it is extremely toxic and can cause death. Direct exposure to bait is the most common cause in dogs, although intentional poisonings are not uncommon. Toxicity can also occur from the ingestion of poisoned rodents and birds. The primary effect of the toxin is on the neurological system. The toxin interferes with inhibitory transmitters, which produce a state of muscle rigidity and stimulation. Death is often caused by the effect on muscles that stimulate breathing. If you witness your dog ingesting strychnine, contact your vet AT ONCE. He or she may direct you to induce vomiting immediately, if it is within minutes of ingestion. Take all poison packages with you to your veterinarian's office.
Toads
The Colorado River toad and the giant toad (also called the marine toad) are the two most common poisonous toads found in the United States. Though most toads are bitter tasting and usually result in profuse drooling in any pet that tries to take a taste, only a couple of species of toads are truly poisonous. The poisonous secretions from these toads can affect animals who come in contact with them, causing a host of clinical signs. The poison is highly toxic to pets. Dogs have a high probability of dying if untreated.
Topical Poisons
Poisoning associated with topical medications is uncommon in dogs and cats. The topical product usually associated with toxicity is an inappropriately applied topical flea product. The products specifically labeled for use in dogs can result in serious toxicity if administered to cats. The toxic substance in these products is permethrin, which can have devastating effects if given to cats
Tylenol.
Acetaminophen is a medication commonly used to alleviate fever and pain. Common brands include Tylenol®, Percoset®, aspirin free Excedrin® and various sinus, cold and flu medications. Dogs most commonly receive toxic amounts of acetaminophen because owners medicate them without consulting a veterinarian. They also consume tablets that are dropped on the floor or left lying around. Dogs are less sensitive to acetaminophen than cats. For example, a 50 pound dog would need to ingest over seven 500 mg tablets in order to suffer toxic effects. In the cat, one 250 mg acetaminophen tablet could be fatal. There is no home care for acetaminophen toxicity. If you suspect that your dog has ingested a toxic amount of acetaminophen, (one pill or more), contact your family veterinarian or local veterinary emergency facility immediately.
Vitamins
Vitamin toxicity occurs when the intake of a dietary vitamin exceeds the normal requirement causing adverse clinical signs or disease. Normal requirements differ for different vitamins and there are a variety of causes of vitamin toxicity, depending on the type.
Zinc
Zinc toxicity is most often seen in young dogs that ingest some form of zinc. The most common sources are pennies minted after 1982, zinc nuts and bolts, which can be found in transport cages, galvanized metals, zinc-containing ointments (e.g. zinc oxide ointment, Diaper rash ointments, Calamine lotions and several other lotions with drying effects), and zinc game pieces from board games. Zinc is directly irritating to the stomach lining so it may cause gastrointestinal irritation as well as a potentially fatal blood disorder( causes the red blood cells to break down resulting in anemia and death without blood transfusions). Signs include: vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite, lethargy and pale gums. A toxic dose for a typical dog may be as few as 1 to 3 pennies (50 to 100 mg/k)
Dog Food
Merrick Wilderness Blend 127 A+
Nature’s Variety Raw Instinct 122 A+
Innova Large Breed Puppy 122 A+
Dick Van Patten's Natural Balance Ultra Premium 122 A+ Timberwolf Organics Wild & Natural Dry 120 A+
Nature’s Recipe Healthy Skin Venison and Rice 116 A+
Authority Harvest Baked 116 A+
Chicken Soup Senior 115 A+
Innova Evo 114 A+ Innova Dog 114 A+
Artemis Large/Medium Breed Puppy 114 A+
Canidae 112 A+
Wellness Super 5 Mix Chicken 110 A+
Kirkland Signature Chicken, Rice, and Vegetables 110 A+
Premium Edge Chicken, Rice and Vegetables Adult Dry 109 A+ Burns Chicken and Brown Rice 107 A+
Royal Canin Natural Blend Adult 106 A+
Foundations 106 A+
Dick Van Patten's Duck and Potato 106 A+
Dick Van Patten’s Natural Balance Venison and Brown Rice 106 A+ Blue Buffalo Chicken and Rice 106 A+
Nutro Ultra Adult 104 A+
Royal Canin Boxer 103 A+
ProPlan Natural Turkey & Barley 103 A+
EaglePack Holistic 102 A+
Nutro Natural Choice Oatmeal 101 A+
Nutrience Junior Medium Breed Puppy 101 A+
Flint River Senior 101 A+
Beowulf Back to Basics 101 A+
Royal Canin Bulldog 100 A+
Nature’s Recipe 100 A
Summit 99 A
Solid Gold 99 A
Diamond Large Breed 60+ Formula 99 A
Nutro Natural Choice Large Breed Lamb and Rice Puppy 98 A
Nutro Natural Choice Lamb and Rice 98 A
Wolfking Adult Dog (bison) by Solid Gold 97 A
Sensible Choice Chicken and Rice 97 A
Nutro Natural Choice Senior 95 A
Pro Plan Sensitive Stomach 94 A
Nutro Max Adult 93 B
Hund-n-Flocken Adult Dog (lamb) by Solid Gold 93 B
Authority Harvest Baked Less Active 93 B
Diamond Lamb Meal & Rice 92 B
Nutro Natural Choice Large Breed Puppy 87 B
Nutrisource Lamb and Rice 87 B
Nutro Natural Choice Puppy Wheat Free 86 B
Diamond Performance 85 C
Member’Mark Chicken and Rice 84 C
Blackwood 3000 Lamb and Rice 83 C
Nutra Nuggets Super Premium Lamb Meal and Rice 81 C
Eukanuba Adult 81 C
Alpo Prime Cuts 81 C
Pro Nature Puppy 80 C
Eukanuba Puppy 79 C
Iams Lamb Meal & Rice Formula Premium 73 D
Science Diet for Large Breed Puppies 69 F
Bil-Jac Select 68 F
Diamond Maintenance 64 F
Science Diet Advanced Protein Senior 7+ 63 F
Purina One Large Breed Puppy 62 F
Purina Dog 62 F
Pet Gold Adult with Lamb & Rice 23 F
Purina Beneful 17 F
Purina Come-n-Get It 16 F
Feeding Guidelines
Be very careful when feeding your puppy, It is very easy to overfeed which can lead to diarrhea and other problems. When you get your new puppy, we will supply a small bag of the feed he/she is used to eating. Abrupt diet changes can also cause diarrhea, changes need to be gradual by mixing the new brand with the old brand. Start with mostly the brand their used to with a little of the new brand. Each day mix more of the new brand in until the puppy is completely on the new brand. The recommended time required to convert over to the new brand is 7 to 10 days. You should divide the total feeding amount by the number of times you feed your puppy per day to get the actual portion size per feeding. BE SURE TO ASK US WHAT THE PUPS SCHEDULE AND AMOUNTS. ALWAYS READ THE DIRECTIONS ON THE BAG OF FEED AS DIFFERENT BRANDS REQUIRE DIFFERENT AMOUNTS.
The First Night
Puppies have a natural instinct inside that are
alone. Its because dogs are social creatures,
much like humans. When they’re alone, they
may feel nervous or frightened. Before dogs
were made into mans best friend, they ran the
land in wild packs. They hunted ate and slept
together. When you leave your puppy alone at
night, especially during his first few weeks at
his new home, he is getting used to the
environment. He’ll most likely whine or cry. It
could last the whole nightlong. The best thing
you can do is to soothe him, but not cuddle
him to sleep. Remember, you’re trying to
establish your role as leader and caretaker.
There is a different time to cuddle.
There is, however, a lot you can do to help put
your new dog to sleep, to make him feel
comfortable in his new environment. Don’t
throw in the towel too early! Instead, try
throwing him one of your laundered t-shirts to
sleep beside. In his puppy room or crate, he’ll
surely feel like you’re near when he smells your
shirt close. It will be as if there is someone
beside him, as if his mother were with him in
the wild outdoors. If this fails, try moving his
puppy crate to your bedroom for the night. If
he continues to whine, try tapping the cage
once forcefully. Then, in a low firm voice say,
No. Sleep, or No. Quiet. This may sound
harsh, but if you snuggle or cuddle him to
sleep, you will actually be re-enforcing his
whining behavior. He’ll associate his whine
with your loving attention. Try throwing in a
chew toy for him to suckle on. One thing will
always surely help: be sure your puppy
eliminates and is played with vigorously before
bedtime so hes not riled up. Much of this can
be applied to older dogs too. You may not
have to take him out as often, but be sure to
allow him to go to the bathroom and receive
some attention before bedtime. In any case,
you will have to teach your puppy or pooch
that he will be soothed and loved, but that
there are bedtime rules. It will seem like a lot
of work, and you may lose some sleep. But,
take your time. And, before you know it, your
puppy or dog will sleep soundly, which will
allow you and your family to sleep the whole
night through. The first night is always best to
get some earplugs, it helps as much as
anything.
Male vs Female
It is a matter of personal preference. However, there are
some characteristics which are common in bitches and
other characteristics which are common in males. It is
important to evaluate these characteristics and determine
which sex would fit in best with your home situation when
you choose a puppy. Additionally, choosing between male
and female is important if you already have another bitch
or male and are choosing an additional dog. This article
will serve as a guide for genders and will list a few
characteristics of bitches, a few characteristics of males,
and how to choose between male and female when
considering a second or third dog.
The following characteristics often apply to bitches:
• Independent - Bitches tend to want to be in control of the
entire situation. They may come to their owner when they
are seeking affection but will often move away when they
have had enough.
• Stubborn - In many packs, a bitch is typically the Alpha
dog. Females crave more control of situations and are quick
to respond to perceived challenges with fierceness.
• Territorial - Females mark in the same way males do. A
spayed female may continue to mark for her entire lifetime
regardless of when she is spayed while most males will cease
marking behaviors shortly after they are neutered and the
testosterone levels subside.
• Reserved - Bitches are generally less affectionate and
friendly than males. This characteristic is noticeable in
puppies and becomes more pronounced with age.
• Changes in Mood or Behavior - It is also important to
note that if you do not spay your bitch, she will come into
heat at approximately one year of age and approximately
every six months thereafter. During this time, there will be
some bleeding as well as a change in mood or behavior.
Keep this in mind when you adopt a puppy and make the
decision of whether or not to spay her.
The following characteristics often apply to male dogs:
• Affectionate - Males are typically more affectionate than
bitches. They tend to crave attention from their owners
more than bitches and as a result, display more affectionate
behaviors.
• Exuberant - A male is also more likely to be fun-loving
and outgoing throughout his lifetime than a bitch. While a
bitch tends to become more reserved as she ages, a male dog
maintains a more puppy-like exuberance throughout his
lifetime.
• Food-Motivated - Males are often very motivated by food.
This food motivation can make training extremely easy as
treats can be used to lure and reward to display desired
behaviors.
• Attentive - While bitches tend to be more independent,
males tend to be more focused on their human companions.
They want to always be close to the human and are very
eager to please.
• Aggressive Behaviors - It is also important to note that
intact males may display aggressive behaviors toward
other males or exhibit marking behaviors. Additionally,
intact males should be kept away from females in heat
unless a breeding is planned.
Owners who are adding an additional dog to their home
should carefully consider the ramifications of adding a dog
of either sex. This is important because the makeup of the
existing pack may be more accepting to either a male or a
female. The following are general tips for selecting the
gender of a second dog:
• If you already have a male or a female, a dog of the
opposite sex is generally the best choice. Dogs of the same
sex are more likely to fight than dogs of the opposite sex.
• If you already have a male, he is likely to be more
accepting of a female and you are likely to have fewer
dominance issues if you add a female to the pack. However,
if you opt to add another male to the pack, they can
peacefully co-exist and may even become friends. It is
important to closely monitor their interactions early on to
ensure aggressive behaviors do not become common.
• If you already have a female, she is likely to be more
accepting of a male. Most males tend to be submissive. If he
does not challenge your resident female, she is not likely to
have a reason to fight with him. Adding a female to the
pack, however, may result in complications. The worst
combination is two bitches because they are more likely to
fight than a male and a female or two males. However,
many dog owners have two or more bitches that live
together without problems. As long as there is an
established Alpha dog and the other bitches know their
place in the pack, there will not be dominance struggles
often, although they may still occur.
Selecting a male or female is largely a matter of personal
preference. The above characteristics are generalizations,
and it is certainly possible to purchase or adopt a female
puppy who displays male characteristics or a male puppy
who displays the typical female characteristics.
Additionally, bitches that are spayed and neutered often do
not have the gender-specific problems associated with their
sex such as coming into heat or marking.
Being Top Dog
Being Top-Dog
Peeing on the carpet, knocking you down, or
stealing dinner off the counter are all signs that
your dog doesn't respect your rules. In other
words, you are not the Alpha Dog.
If you ever want to have a peaceful and happy
relationship with your dog, you need to learn how
to become top dog. It's not just a silly phrase.
Dogs have a hierarchal ranking system. In simple
reality, the only two ranks you need to know are
top dog and not top dog.... The Ruler, and the
Rule Follower. Naturally you don't want to be
caught in the trap of being subject to your dog.
You want your dog to respect and obey you, not
to fear you. Don't confuse the two.
A dog may obey you out of fear, but not respect
you. That is a dangerous situation to be in. Have
you ever seen the movie Iron Will? If not, watch
it. It gives some great insight. There's a dog sled
driver who beats his dogs into submission
and treats them terribly. They respond to his
beatings and he has a winning team, but at the
first sign of weakness, they turn on him and...
well it wasn't pretty. Of course that's a
dramatization and worse case scenario. Frankly, I
think anyone who beats their dogs has it coming.
It's just not necessary to rule with an iron fist.
When your dog disobeys, scold him. Raising your
voice above normal with a stern NO usually
breaks his concentration, and it lets him know
quickly to stop the action. After all, his mom
growls at him to stop unwanted behavior, but she
will go right back to normal with the pup as soon
as the action is stopped. Instantly back to the
loving mom role--this lets the pup know that it’s
the action--not him. You must do the samething,
sometimes it’s hard not to get mad, but you must
return to the loving role as soon as he stops. This
can be hard, especially if he just chewed a hole in
the couch. Remember to never use his name with
the word no--his name needs to only be associated
with pleasant stimulus.
Don't allow him to beg for food. Doing this gives
him the impression that it's okay to whine to get
what he wants. It's not. This is very easy--never
start doing it in the first place.
If and when a dog should bite you, and you don't
believe him to be wild or sick, then you have to
take action to ensure he knows that it will not be
accepted. (If there is any indication of
disorientation of your dog at this time, call a vet.
Dogs can bite if they are sick, hurt or scared. You
should seek professional advice.)
If bitten, appropriate action would be to grab his
head firmly, not in anger or rage but in calm
control. You are just making a point here that
you are the leader and you can control his actions.
Don’t release until you see submissive behavior.
He needs to respect you, just as he would his
mother. If you’ve ever seen two dogs have a
scuffle, the dominant dog will control the other
one’s motions, and the submissive dog will lay
down, show his belly and begin licking the
dominant dog’s chin. You must be able to
completely control your dog’s behavior at this
point to teach the lesson, but this could be
dangerous if you aren’t physically able to handle
the dog. YOU HAVE TO BECOME THE
ALPHA DOG---if you don’t then your pup could
run over you and develop some really nasty
behaviors. If your dog has progressed to this
level, then something got skipped over during
puppy training. You could need professional help
at this point if you are afraid to take control.
Biting is best stopped at an early age. I personally
don’t like a puppy putting his teeth on me, even
when he’s playing, and when he does, I will take
his lower jaw in my hand and insert my thumb
under his tongue and apply pressure. Each pup is
different--some will require more pressure than
others. (In the dog world, he learns most of his
rules while playing with littermates and other
dogs as to what is acceptable and what is not, so
it is an excellent time to start)
This is very effective and will reduce mouthing to
licking in a matter of days, if not minutes, and
remember licking is submissive. It’s never to early
to start. I usually don’t even speak when doing
this and as soon as I release, I start petting the
pup again. Here is another tip that I use a lot:
when a mother dog licks her puppies, she does so
very firmly. When you pet your puppy, put
enough pressure on your hand so that his eyes
will squint a little bit as your hand moves across
his head. This also asserts your dominance in a
very nice gesture. A old man told me this years
ago and it really does seems to help.
Remember that if you want to be the top dog, you
have to take control. Leadership is essential in a
dog's life. You are the one who gets to choose
who that leader is.
Leash training and basic obedience training (sit,
heel, stay, down, and come) needs to start early.
It’s much easier to do when they are small, and
believe it or not, a couple of 10 minute training
sessions a day is all that’s needed. Remember to
end each session on a happy note. Never play tug
of war with your puppy. This is a dominance
game among litter mates: just don’t give him the
chance. If you’re playing fetch, and he runs
around you instead of coming to you, squat down
and turn your back to him. He will soon bring it
back to get you to play with him. If you need him
to release something he has in his mouth, then
just lift his ear, blow in it at the same time, and
give the command GIVE. His mouth will pop
open. Give him generous head rubs when he does
this and he will soon associate the word with the
action.
House Training
Congratulations on the addition of your new
puppy to your family. To help you and your new
puppy adjust to life together, we have provided
some helpful hints and information.
Introducing the puppy to its new home:
A new puppy is a source of cheer and warmth
everywhere. It is well documented that the
companionship of a puppy has positive benefits
for people. Even older dogs and cats seem to perk
up when a pup is introduced into the household.
Puppies give unqualified love, affection, and
devotion.
The following are suggested as “essential” items
for the new puppy:
Health records, including dates of vaccinations
and dewormings
High quality food
Food and water bowls that can be sanitized easily
and the appropriate size for your puppy
Shipping crate for a bed
Shampoo and proper grooming tools
A collar, leash and appropriate chew toys
The change of environment can cause many stress-
related problems:
Coccidiosis (a type of intestinal infection)
Tracheobronchitis (a relatively minor upper
respiratory problem)
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar from a poor
appetite or poor diet)
Dehydration (usually from not drinking enough
water)
The physical problems are often brought on by
unavoidable stress, and are similar to problems
you might have if you were moving to a new area.
Just like you, the puppy may not sleep or eat as
regularly as it would in more familiar
surroundings.Some puppies ease through the
transition to their new homes, while others may
have a harder time. If stress-related problems are
ignored, secondary problems can become serious,
even life-threatening.
Call your vet for advice ANYTIME the puppy
seems lethargic or loses its appetite. The most
important objective is to get the puppy to EAT.
Small breeds are more susceptible to
hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and may need
additional feedings in small quantities. Some
puppies require privacy, coaxing, or
companionship to eat. Every puppy is different.
The puppy’s diet should NEVER be changed
rapidly. The puppy might not eat the strange new
food, or if it does eat, develop diarrhea leading to
dehydration and other complications.
Diet changes should be made over a 1-2 week
period to prevent digestive upsets.
WATER IS EVEN MORE IMPORTANT
THAN FOOD IN THE PUPPY’S EXCITED
FIRST FEW HOURS IN ITS NEW HOME.
To encourage the pup to drink and reduce the
risk of low blood sugar, you might put some
honey in its mouth or on a dish. (Too much
honey, however, will depress the appetite.) If the
puppy does not eat after these methods have been
tried, you might try:
Warming the food. Many foods are coated with
an outside “flavor” layer that enhances its appeal
when warmed. Most foods can be warmed in the
microwave, oven, or by adding warm water or
broth and soaking the food for a few minutes.
Rest is very important to the puppy.
Puppies generally sleep throughout the day,
waking only to play for a short time, eat, and
eliminate waste. Do not expect the puppy to run
and play all day. A human baby does not play all
day either. Treat your puppy just the same as if it
was a newborn infant being brought home from
the hospital, and you won’t go wrong.
Environment:
Protect the puppy from temperature variations.
Remember that it is 8-10° cooler on the floor than
it is at your eye level. Avoid drafty areas.
Completely DRY the puppy to prevent chilling
after each bath. A bath is OK whenever it is
needed, provided the puppy is thoroughly dried
to prevent chilling. A blow dryer is preferred to
insure complete drying. As a rule, puppies should
not be bathed more than once each week, unless
needed. The shampoo that is used should be pH
balanced to avoid irritation of the pet’s skin.
Portable airline shipping crates make excellent
beds for puppies, as well as aiding in
housetraining. We suggest confinement of the
puppy in a crate for the first 6-8 weeks at all
times the puppy is not closely supervised to
prevent housebreaking accidents. Puppies are
“den” animals and like the security of the crate.
Puppies are clean animals by nature. They do not
want to mess up where they stay. Cage
confinement encourages them to hold the
eliminations as long as feasible which greatly
enhances bladder and rectal tone.
Nutrition:
Feed high quality puppy foods. Avoid generic or
cheap brands!! Cheap brands of dog food
substitute low QUALITY protein sources, which
often cannot be utilized by the pup. We highly
recommend the premium, high quality foods.
These foods are much more concentrated that
typical grocery store brands. Even though these
foods cost a little more than commercial store
brands, over a month’s time, it really will not cost
you more to feed the pup, since you will be
feeding less food if you follow the chart on the
package. These foods greatly decrease stool
volume, making housetraining easier.
Feed puppies 3-4 times daily until 6 months of
age. Then feed twice daily until one year of age.
Adult dogs can be fed either once or twice daily.
Feed the puppy ALL IT WILL EAT IN 15
MINUTES each feeding. Do NOT leave the food
out continuously if you are trying to housetrain
the pup. Do not overfeed the puppy, if his belly
starts to swell, then that enough at that time.
We prefer to feed NO table scraps. These often
make the dog a “finicky eater” as well as cause
vomiting or diarrhea.
It is best to avoid milk. It is best to give no milk
since high quality commercial puppy food is
balanced to contain everything the puppy needs
for optimum growth.
The only real difference in canned and dry food is
the amount of water it contains. Canned food is
composed of 80% water. Therefore, we
recommend dry food because it is much more
economical - the nutritional content is the same.
A tablespoon of canned food can be mixed with
the dry food to enhance the flavor if you wish.
Simply warming dry food in the microwave or by
adding hot water enhances the flavor. Dry food is
also better for teeth care. Make any changes in
brands of food gradually by mixing the old food
with the new food to prevent diarrhea and
digestive upsets.
Vitamin supplementation is recommended to
increase the pet’s resistance and improve general
body health.
Housetraining:
Housetraining takes patience and persistence.
The secrets of optimum housetraining include
feeding high quality food, using a regular feeding
schedule, and confining the pet in a crate all the
time it is not under your DIRECT supervision for
the first few MONTHS as a family member.
Using these guidelines a puppy of 6-8 weeks can
be housebroken within a couple of weeks. Any
mistakes the dog makes after that will be your
mistakes, and you should consult your vet for
more information.
Housebreaking depends upon the instinct of dogs
to keep their bed clean. You can make use of this
instinct by creating a sort of home “den” for
them. Dogs are “den animals”. Their own private
place gives them a sense of security. Confinement
is NOT cruel unless abused.
Do this by constructing or obtaining a box that
will have a door or lid on it with adequate
ventilation holes. The box should be big enough
for the puppy to turn about in and even to lie at
full length, but no larger. The lid, or door, is
required to keep the puppy from climbing out.
Wire type crates with the adjustable divider
work the best.
A puppy does not want a mess in his bed and
then sleep in it!
Now he might get caught the first night, but he
won’t the second. However, if the box is so large
that he can relieve himself in one end and sleep in
the other, he will do so. Bedding can be plain
newspaper laid out.
Remember that on the very first day it is
important to start giving the puppy all his naps in
the box. Puppies sleep 75% of the time. When
the puppy awakens from his nap, you
immediately lift him out of the box and carry him
outside to a spot that you previously have
selected.
You must take him to this spot before and after
play, always when he awakens from a nap, and
always the first thing in the morning and the last
thing at night. You must never “just put him
out”. Instead, you must take him to this spot,
urge him to go, and PRAISE him when he does.
Within a week, you’ll have him going on
command.
Points to Remember:
A dog can only understand scolding and praise if
it occurs within a half second of the event you are
trying to control.
Catching a puppy “in the act” is the best time to
scold or praise. After the event has occurred, it is
too late to scold, or praise, because the puppy
will associate your feedback with whatever he is
doing at the time, not ten minutes before.
Rubbing his nose in his mistakes is a worthless
technique and only confuses the dog.
Dogs need to relieve themselves after eating,
sleeping and playing
Feed your puppy the same time every day. This
will help keep the dog’s digestive system regular,
and it will be easier to predict when he needs to
go out.
Start housetraining on a weekend when everyone
will be home and able to help.
If a mistake happens, clean it up well and spray
an odor neutralizer on the wet spot and rub it in
well.
Good luck and be patient. You can train a
wonderful new friend and companion in a few
short weeks!!
Some Basic Trainging Tips
1) From the moment your puppy comes into your life teach him that coming to you when called is nothing short of being the best thing in the world. Puppies can’t resist humans who sit down on the floor with legs spread apart so, while they’re easily persuaded to come by this very simple gesture, make the most of it by using their name after the word "come", sparingly, but making a huge fuss when puppy arrives. Try it at times when pup is pre-occupied with something interesting and make coming back to you the most enjoyable and rewarding experience in the world for him or her. You will really see the benefits as the dog gets older
2) The Name--The puppies name will be with them for life, make sure they know it by associating it with all things pleasant and fun. In the same way dogs focus, in a very positive way to words such as walkies, biscuits or dinner-time they should be given the same association with their own name. Too often the only time the puppy hears his or her name is when they have done something naughty. Jasper, stop doing that! Buster, leave that alone! Its tough but try to ensure that you NEVER use the puppy’s name in a negative scenario only positive ones. Instead of Jasper, leave that alone! simply say, No!. And instead of walkies, biscuits or dinner-time try Jasper, biscuits!, Jasper, walkies!, Jasper, dinner-time! This is a Golden rule. Your puppy should associate his or her own name with all that is pleasant and fun and nothing that is negative. The word NO! is a negative and it is enough to cover all undesirable behavior.
3) Jumping up---All puppies love to jump out when greeting anyone. Rather than reprimand the pup, simply ignore the behavior and wait until he or she settles down and is not jumping up before lavishing any attention on them. Above all else, don’t encourage the behavior by patting or praising the dog when they are in the jump-position or you may run in to problems as the dog gets bigger and views jumping up as an easy way to receive attention.
4) Decide early on what is and is not acceptable in your house. If you don’t want your pup to use the living-room sofa as a raised dog bed when they get older then don’t encourage him or her to come up for petting when they’re young just because they look sweetly at you and are small enough to pick up. Many unwanted behaviors can be avoided before they starts by simply thinking about what you want to be acceptable in your home.
5) OWWWW! Teach your puppy that biting or nipping is not a pleasant experience for you by reacting as if in pain to their playful nips. Rather than scold the dog, let him or her know that nipping is not a pastime that you wish to engage in. Letting out an over-exaggerated expression of pain will more than likely shock the puppy into ceasing this behavior. You will be glad you put an end to this behavior early on instead of confronting a playful 2-year-old with a full set of adult teeth! You can also put pressure under the pups tongue with your thumb to teach him to not put his teeth on you.
6) Don’t over-train your puppy. Remember, a one-year old dog is, effectively, the same as a seven-year old person. It is a good rule of thumb to keep reminding yourself would I expect a three, four, five or six-year old child to accomplish some of the tasks I am asking of my pup? Manners, house-cleanliness and the very basics (including socialization) are all you should really seek to instill in your puppy until such a time, as they are mature enough to undergo a more formal training regime. Puppies can deceive you into thinking they are ready for training but will ultimately rebel against discipline as they get older. Ensuring you have taught your puppy to respond to his or her name, what is and is not acceptable in terms of house-manners and establishing an uninhibited relationship with your pup is more important than any other discipline in the early stages of any dogs life.
7) Always ensure from the earliest possible moment that your puppy is given his or her own, private sleeping place that is not used by anyone else in the family or another pet. Your puppy will benefit from short periods left alone in his or her den with you always returning to reward the pup when he or she is relaxed and quite.
8) When taking your puppy to the Vet for its first inoculations, health checks etc, it is good practice to sit with your puppy on your lap and not have him or her on the floor. Apart from being able to comfort and re-assure the puppy easier in this position you must also consider the fact that there may be a number of sick animals in the waiting room and your puppy is vulnerable if they come into direct contact with infectious animals that may also be in attendance at the same time as your pup. The Vet can sanitize his examination table, but will have a very hard time trying to sanitize sick dogs in the waiting room. Kepp the pups attention on you and don’t let him trade kisses with the other patients. Make a very deliberate effort to ensure your puppy’s trips to the vets are as fun as you can make them. Don’t allow your puppy to think you are nervous or concerned, instead make a game and even take a toy to amuse the puppy with while they sit on your lap.
9) When trying to settle a puppy into a new home, providing them with a warm hot water bottle and placing a ticking clock in the room where they sleep will help to replicate the body heat and heartbeat of their litter mates and can really help them to relax in their new environment.
